The Simple Present — talking about facts, habits, and what’s happening now
-AR · -ER · -IRSer & EstarStem-changers6 key uses
What is it?
The Presente Simple
The presente simple is the most-used tense in Spanish. It describes
current states, daily habits,
universal truths, and actions happening right now.
It’s the foundation of Spanish — master this first!
Use 1
Habits & routines
Regular, repeated actions in everyday life.
“Cada mañana tomo un café.” — Every morning I have a coffee.
Use 2
Current states & facts
How things are right now, or permanent truths.
“El agua hierve a 100°C.” — Water boils at 100°C.
Use 3
Actions happening now
What someone is doing at this very moment.
“¿Qué haces? — Estudio español.” — What are you doing? I’m studying Spanish.
Use 4
Scheduled future events
Near-future plans that are fixed or certain.
“El tren sale a las ocho.” — The train leaves at eight.
Use 5
Descriptions & characteristics
Describing people, places, and things as they are.
“Mi ciudad es pequeña pero tiene mucha historia.”
Use 6
Storytelling / narrating the present
Used in jokes, stories, and news headlines for dramatic effect.
“Colón llega a América y dice…” — Columbus arrives in America and says…
Time expressions
⏰ Key Signal Words
These words often appear with the presente simple.
siemprealwaysnormalmentenormallya vecessometimesnuncanevertodos los díasevery daycada semanaevery weekgeneralmentegenerallyahoranowhoytodaypor la mañanain the morninglos luneson Mondaysde vez en cuandofrom time to time
💡No auxiliary needed! Unlike English (“I do speak”), Spanish uses the verb alone: hablo = I speak / I do speak / I am speaking.
❓Questions & negation: Just add ¿…? for questions and no before the verb for negation: No hablo chino. ¿Hablas español? No extra words needed!
Formation — Regular Verbs
How to Form the Presente Simple
Remove the infinitive ending (-AR, -ER, -IR) and add the present-tense endings below.
🔑The -ER/-IR difference: -ER and -IR verbs are nearly identical — the only difference is in nosotros/vosotros: -emos/-éis (ER) vs -imos/-ís (IR). All other forms match.
0️⃣The “yo” rule: Regular -AR, -ER and -IR verbs all end in -o for yo: hablo, como, vivo. This is one of the most consistent patterns in Spanish!
Essential irregulars
Ser & Estar — To Be
Two of the most important verbs in Spanish — both mean “to be” but are used differently.
SER — permanent
yosoy
túeres
él/ellaes
nosotrossomos
vosotrossois
ellosson
ESTAR — temporary
yoestoy
túestás
él/ellaestá
nosotrosestamos
vosotrosestáis
ellosestán
⚡SER: identity, origin, profession, characteristics, time, material. “Soy español. Es médico. Son las tres.”
🌡️ESTAR: location, temporary states, emotions, conditions. “Estoy cansado. Está en Madrid. ¿Cómo estás?”
Irregular yo forms
⚠️ Irregular “yo” Forms
Many common verbs are only irregular in the yo form. All other forms follow regular patterns!
hacer (to do/make)
hago
haces, hace…
tener (to have)
tengo
tienes, tiene…
poner (to put)
pongo
pones, pone…
salir (to go out)
salgo
sales, sale…
venir (to come)
vengo
vienes, viene…
decir (to say)
digo
dices, dice…
saber (to know)
sé
sabes, sabe…
ver (to see)
veo
ves, ve…
🧠Pattern alert: Many yo-irregulars end in -go (hago, tengo, pongo, salgo, vengo, digo). Spot the -go group and you’ve already mastered most of them!
Stem-changing verbs
🔄 Stem-Changing Verbs (Boot Verbs)
These verbs change the vowel in their stem in all forms except nosotros and vosotros — forming a “boot” shape in the conjugation table.
👢The boot shape: Draw a line around the forms that change — yo, tú, él/ella, ellos/ellas — it looks like a boot! Nosotros and vosotros always keep the original vowel: volver → nosotros volvemos.
📚Memorise these high-frequency ones first:querer, poder, volver, dormir, pedir, tener, venir. You’ll use them every single day in Spanish!
In context
💬 The Presente Simple in Real Life
☀️
Normalmente me levanto a las siete.
I normally get up at seven.
🌍
Soy de México pero vivo en Madrid.
I’m from Mexico but I live in Madrid.
💻
¿Qué haces? Trabajo desde casa.
What are you doing? I’m working from home.
🍕
En España la gente come tarde.
In Spain people eat late. (general truth)
🚂
El tren sale a las nueve en punto.
The train leaves at nine o’clock.
📚
Nosotros estudiamos español tres veces a la semana.
We study Spanish three times a week.
🏃
Ella corre todos los días por el parque.
She runs every day through the park.
😴
¿A qué hora empieza la película? — Empieza a las ocho.
What time does the film start? It starts at eight.
✏️ LET’S PRACTISE!
Test your knowledge of the presente simple.
1
Conjugate the Verb
– Write the correct presente simple form.
yo / hablar
tú / comer
ella / vivir
nosotros / trabajar
vosotros / beber
ellos / escribir
yo / tener (irreg. yo)
tú / poder (stem-ch.)
él / querer (stem-ch.)
🏆
2
Complete the Sentence
– Use the verb in the presente simple.
Yo en una empresa de tecnología en Barcelona. trabajar
¿A qué hora (tú) normalmente? desayunar
Mis padres mucho los domingos. dormir
¿ (tú) dónde está la biblioteca? saber
Nosotros siempre juntos los viernes por la noche. salir
⭐
3
Correct or Incorrect?
– Is the presente simple form right?
Yo hablo español todos los días.
✔ Correct! hablo is the regular yo form of hablar (-o ending).
Ella tene dos hermanos mayores.
✘ Incorrect! tener has an irregular yo form: but for ella, it’s tiene (stem change e→ie, not “tene”).
Nosotros dormemos ocho horas cada noche.
✘ Incorrect! Nosotros/vosotros never stem-change: it should be dormimos (-imos ending for -IR verbs).
¿Vosotros coméis en casa o en el trabajo?
✔ Correct! coméis is the right vosotros form of comer (-éis ending).
Yo sabo la respuesta.
✘ Incorrect! saber has an irregular yo form: sé (not “sabo”). It’s one of the few one-letter verb forms in Spanish!
Ellos vuelven a casa muy tarde los viernes.
✔ Correct! vuelven is right — stem change o→ue for ellos/ellas: volv- → vuelv-.
🌟
4
Put the Words in Order
– Click words to build the sentence. Click the answer area to undo.
Sentence 1 — a daily routine:
Todoslosdíascorroporelparque.
Click words above…
Sentence 2 — a question with a stem-changing verb: